Risk factors for low birth weight infants in East Nusa Tenggara

Authors

  • Khrispina Owa District Health Office of Ende
  • I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra Public Health Postgraduate Program Udayana University
  • I Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani Public Health Postgraduate Program Udayana University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2017.v5.i1.p09

Keywords:

LBW, risk factors, case control, East Nusa Tenggara

Abstract

Background and purpose: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major cause of neonatal and infant mortality. The Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey indicated that neonatal mortality rate in East Nusa Tenggara was 26 per 1000 live births, 15% of which were caused by low birth weight. This study aims to understand the relationship between age of mother, birth spacing, chronic energy deficiency, presence of concomitant diseases, employment status, anemia, quality of antenatal care and traditional dietary restrictions on the incidence of LBW in Ende District, East Nusa Tenggara.

Methods: A case control study was conducted at Ende District in 2015, with a total of 156 respondents. Cases were mothers giving birth to LBW infant (<2500 gram) and controls were mothers giving birth to normal weight infant (≥2500 gram). Case and control ratio was 1:1. Data were obtained from antenatal care records and interviews. Data were analysed using bivariate analysis and multivariate with logistic regression.

Results: This study found that risk factors of LBW include age of mother <20 or ≥35 years (AOR=6.8; 95%CI: 1.87-25.0), traditional dietary restrictions (AOR=6.7; 95%CI: 1.71-26.8), birth spacing <2 years (AOR=6.5; 95%CI: 1.78-24.2), chronic energy deficiency (AOR=5.3; 95%CI: 1.38-21.0), being employe (AOR=4.6; 95%CI: 1.44-14.9), anemia (AOR=4.2; 95%CI: 1.37-13.1), malaria infection (AOR=3.9; 95%CI: 1.21-12.7) and low quality of antenatal care (AOR=3.5; 95%CI: 1.11-11.3).

Conclusions: Age of mother <20 or ≥35 years, traditional dietary restrictions, birth spacing <2 years, chronic energy deficiency, maternal occupation, anemia, malaria infection and low quality of antenatal care are risk factors for LBW in the District of Ende.

References

United Nations Children’s Fund and World Health Organization. Low Birth Weight: Country, Regional and Global Estimates. UNICEF. New York; 2004.

The National Statistic Bureau. Survey Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia [The Indonesian Demography and Health Survey]; 2012.

Ministry of Health of Indonesia. Upaya Percepatan Penurunan Angka Kematian Ibu dan Bayi Baru Lahir di Indonesia [Strategies to Accelerate Reduction of Maternal and New-born Mortality in Indonesia]: Jakarta; 2013.

Ende District Health Office. Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Ende Tahun 2013 [Health Profile of Ende District Year 2013]; 2013.

Weldearegawi B, Melaku YA, Abera SF, Ashebir Y, Haile F, Mulugeta A, Eshetu F, and Spigt M. “Infant mortality and causes of infant deaths in rural Ethiopia”. BMC Public Health; 2015; 15:770.

Prawiroharjo, Sarwono. Ilmu Kebidanan [Midwifery Science]. Jakarta: PT Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawiroharjo; 2010.

Harnany, A. “Pengaruh Tabu Makanan, Tingkat Kecukupan Gizi, Konsumsi Tablet Besi dan Teh Terhadap Kadar Haemoglobin Pada Ibu Hamil di Kota Pekalongan Tahun 2006 [Association between food restriction, nutrition adequacy, iron tablet and tea consumption to hemoglobin level among pregnant women in Pekalongan City Year 2006 .”(Thesis). Semarang: UNDIP; 2006.

Proverawati A. Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) [Low Birth Weight New Born]. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika; 2010.

Ministry of Health of Indonesia. Acuan Manajemen Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah Untuk Bidan Dan Perawat [Guideline Management of Low Birth Weight Infants for Midwifes and Nurses]. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Bina Gizi Dan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2010.

Reza C, Mohammad A, Mehdi R, Esmaeil MA, Afsaneh S, Ahmad K. Low Birth Weight and Its Related Risk Factors in Northeast Iran. Iran Journal Pediatric; 2013; 23(6):701–704.

Zain, Mardiani I, Rahayu, Dwi M. “Pengaruh Karakteristik, Perilaku dan Sosial Ekonomi Ibu Terhadap Kelahiran BBLR [Association between characteristics, behaviours and social economy of mothers and low birth weight]”; 2012: 232–41.

Manuaba IBG. Ilmu Kebidanan, Penyakit Kandungan, dan KB. [Midwifery Science, Obstetric Diseases and Family Planning]. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran ECG; 2012.

Yuliani “Faktor Risiko Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR ) di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. R. Soedjono. Kabupaten Lombok Timur [Risk factors of low birth weight in District Hospital of Dr. R. Soedjono, East Lombok District].”(thesis). Denpasar: Universitas Udayana; 2014.

Kramer MS. Socio-Economic Disparities in Pattern Birth: Causal Pathways and Mecanisms; 2011.

Nurhadi. Faktor Risiko Ibu dan Layanan Antenatal terhadap Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah [Risk Factor of Mother and Antenatal Services Influencing prevalence of Low Birth Weight] (thesis). Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro; 2006.

Oktovina F. Risiko Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR )di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara tahun 2010-2011 [Risk factors of low birth weight in Provincial Hospital of Southeast Sulawesi Year 2010-2011].” (thesis). Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia; 2011.

Labir IK, Widarsa T, Suwiyoga K. “Laporan Hasil Penelitian Anemia Ibu Hamil Trimester I Dan II Meningkatkan Risiko Kejadian Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah di RSUD Wangaya Denpasar [Anemia in First and Second Trimester Increases Risk for Low Birth Weight Babies in Wangaya Hospital’’; 2013.

Tafwid, Hakimi M. “Infeksi Malaria Ibu Hamil Sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah di daerah Endemis Malaria Kabupaten Bangka Belitung [Malaria infection among pregnant women as risk factor for low birth weight in endemic areas at Bangka Belitung District.” (thesis). Yogyakarta : Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2010.

Suharti, Djaswadi. “Infeksi Malaria Pada Ibu Hamil dan Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah di Kabupaten Bintan [Malaria infection among pregnant mothers increases risk of low birth weight in Bintan District].” (thesis). Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2009.

Roudbari M, Yaqhmaei M, Soheili M. Prevalence and Risk Factor of Low Birth Weight Infants in Zahedan, Islamic Republic of Iran. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal; 2007;13(4):838-45.

Saeni RH, Hakimi M. “Hubungan Antenatal Care dengan Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah di Kabupaten Wonosobo [Association between antenatal care and low birth weight infant in Wonosobo District]”.(thesis).Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2012.

Festy P. Analisis Faktor Risiko pada Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah di Kabupaten Sumenep (thesis). http://eprints.undip.ac.id/45287/ (jurnal elektronik)

Lestari SD. Paparan Asap Rokok pada Ibu Hamil di Rumah Tangga terhadap Risiko Peningkatan Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah di Kabupaten Gianyar [Household Smoke Exposure as Risk Factor of Low Birth Weight among Infants in Gianyar]. Public Heath Preventive and Medicine Achieve; 2015; 3(1):13-19.

Downloads

Published

2017-12-01

How to Cite

Owa, K., Putra, I. W. G. A. E., & Windiani, I. G. A. T. (2017). Risk factors for low birth weight infants in East Nusa Tenggara. Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive, 5(1), 39–43. https://doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2017.v5.i1.p09

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>