Risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetes mellitus patients in Denpasar City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2017.v5.i1.p05Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, pulmonary tuberculosis, case-control, Denpasar CityAbstract
Background and Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is more common in developing countries, including Indonesia. Denpasar City contributes the most on the total number of TB patients in Bali Province. There is evidence on increased burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with TB comorbidity. This study aims to examine risk factors of TB among DM patients.
Method: A case control study was conducted in Denpasar City. A total of 135 samples, 45 cases and 90 controls, were recruited to participate in the study. Cases were DM patients with TB comorbidity and were taken from patients register from 2013 to 2015. Controls were DM patients without TB comorbidity and were taken from Bali Province screening operational study. Data were collected using interviews, observations, measurements and document review. Data were analysed using bivariate analysis and multivariate with logistic regression model.
Results: Demographic characteristics between cases and controls were comparable in sex and family income but not comparable in age groups, education, domicile, and employment. Risk factors of TB among DM patients were house density (AOR=36.11; 95%CI: 5.0-259.9), undernutrition (AOR=24.76; 95%CI: 3.7-162.3), inadequate glycemic control (AOR=12.64; 95%CI: 2.4-66.2), and being employed (AOR=10.55; 95%CI: 1.2-92.7). TB infection among DM patients was associated with aged<60 years (AOR=7.47; 95%CI: 1.2-44.3) and being male (AOR=5.42; 95%CI: 1.2-24.0). TB co-infection among DM patients was also associated with low education level (AOR=6.96; 95%CI: 1.0-48.6), contact with TB patients (AOR=5.84; 95%CI: 0.7-46.6) and inadequate house ventilation (AOR=2.92; 95%CI: 0.6-13.1).
Conclusion: Socio-demographic characteristics, physical environments of the house and clinical conditions are risk factors of TB among DM patiens.
References
The Union, World Diabetes Foundation. The Looming Co-Epidemic of TB-Diabetes: A Call To Action; 2014.
Ministry of Health of Indonesia. Pedoman Nasional Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis, cetakan kedua [National Guideline on Tuberculosis Control – Second Edition. Jakarta: Depkes RI; 2011.
WHO. Global Tuberculosis Control. WHO Report 2014; 2014.
Denpasar City Health Office. Laporan Kesehatan Kota Denpasar Tahun 2014. [Health Report of Denpasar City 2014]. Denpasar; 2015.
Bali Province Health Office. The 2016 TB and DM Skrining operational research. Denpasar; 2016.
The Indonesian Endocrinology Association. Konsensus pengelolaan dan pencegahan diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Indonesia [Consensus on management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia]. Jakarta: PB PERKENI; 2015.
The Ministry of Health of Indonesia. Petunjuk Teknis Pemantauan Status Gizi Orang Dewasa dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) [Technical Guidance on Nutritional Status Monitoring for Adults Using Body Mass Index], Jakarta; 2003.
Lubis P. Perumahan Sehat [Healthy Housing]. Jakarta. Ministry of Health of Indonesia; 1989.
Wijayanto A. Faktor Terjadinya Tuberkulosis Paru Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 [Factors associated to Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients]. Jakarta. Universitas Indonesia; 2013. Retrieved Oktober, 10, 2015, from http://jurnalrespirologi.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/JRI-Jan-2015-35-1-1-11.pdf
Leung CC, Lam TH, Chan WM, Yew WW, Ho KS, Leung GM, et al. Diabetic control and risk of tuberculosis: A cohort study. Am J Epidemiol; 2008;167:1486–94. [PubMed].
Kapur A, Harries AD, Lonnroth K, Bygbjerg C, Lefebvre P. Diabetes and tuberculosis old associates posing a renewal public health challenge. US Endrocinology; 2009; 5(1): 12-14.
Guptan A, Shah A. Tuberculosis and diabetes: an appraisal. Ind J Tuberc; 2000;47: 3-8
Dye C, Trunz BB, Lonnroth K, Roglic G, Williams BG. Nutrition, Diabetes and Tuberculosis in the Epidemiological Transition. Journal PloS; 2011. Retrieved Januari, 13, 2016.
Zhao W, Shi L, Fonseca, He J, Shao D, Zhao J, Chen QM, Yin A. Screening patients with type 2 Diabetes for active Tuberculosis in communities of China. Diabetes care; 2013;36:e159-60.
Atmosukarto, Soewasti S. Pengaruh Lingkungan pemukiman dalam Penyebaran Tuberkulosis [Effects of housing environments on tuberculosis transmission]. Jakarta: Media Litbang Kesehatan, Vo. 9. Depkes RI; 2000.
Izzati S. Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Andalas Tahun 2013 [factors associated to pulmonary tuberculosis in the catchment areas of Andalas Community Health Centre]. Universitas Andalas; 2014. Retrieved Oktober, 10, 2015, from http://repository.unand.ac.id/21545/
Wardhani RA. Patogenesis, diagnosis dan klasifikasi Tuberculosis. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia [Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Classification of Tuberculosis – Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia]; 2013. Retrieved Desember, 08, 2015, from staff.ui.ac.id/system/files/users/retno.asti/material/pato diagklas.pdf.
Wijaya I. Tuberkulosis Paru pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus [Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Diabetes Mellitus Patients]. Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine University of Pelita Harapan; 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2015, http://www.kalbemed.com/Portals/6/06_229CMETuberkulosis%20Paru%20pada%20Penderita%20Diabetes%20Melitus.pdf
Ministry of Health of Indonesia. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2007 [The 2007 Basic Health Survey]. Research and Development Agency. Jakarta: Ministry of health of Indonesia; 2007.
Ministry of Health of Indonesia. Pedoman Nasional Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis, cetakan kedua [National Guideline on Tuberculosis Control – Second Edition. Jakarta: Depkes RI; 2011.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Desak Putu Risna Dewi, I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra, Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri, Dyah Pradnyaparamita Duarsa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
**Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)**
*Welcome to the world of open collaboration and shared creativity! The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) empowers creators to share their work with the world while maintaining certain rights.*
**Key Points:**
1. **Freedom to Share:** CC BY 4.0 allows creators to share their work globally, granting others the freedom to use, remix, and build upon it.
2. **Attribution Requirement:** Users can use the work for any purpose, even commercially, as long as they provide appropriate credit to the original creator.
3. **Flexibility:** Applicable to various content types—text, images, music, videos—the license fosters a diverse range of creations.
**Common Use Cases:**
- **Education:** Widely used for educational materials, promoting open learning environments.
- **Research:** Applied to scholarly articles, accelerating the dissemination of knowledge.
**How to Use:**
1. **Share:** Share your work with the world, marking it with the CC BY 4.0 license.
2. **Attribution:** Users, when utilizing the work, must provide proper attribution to honor the original creator.
**Conclusion:**
CC BY 4.0 contributes to a more open and collaborative digital landscape. Join the movement of shared knowledge and creativity!
*For full license details, visit [Creative Commons](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).*
