Factors associated with the self-efficacy of private practice general practitioners in the diagnosis and management of mental disorders in Bali, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2025.v13.i1.p01Keywords:
self-efficacy, restricted learning process , PLWHA, managementAbstract
Background and purpose: General practitioners’ self-efficacy plays a crucial role in the successful diagnosis and management of mental disorders in primary care settings. In Bali, there is limited data on the factors influencing the self-efficacy of private practice general practitioners in handling mental health disorders. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the self-efficacy of private practice general practitioners in the diagnosis and management of mental disorders in Bali.
Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study involving 109 private practice general practitioners in Bali, conducted from September 2024 to March 2025. The sample included general practitioners who possessed a valid practice license, practicing either independently or at primary clinics in four cities/districts, selected using convenience sampling. Self-efficacy in this study was measured with the adapted General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). Data were collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire, which covered demographic characteristics, direct experience, vicarious experience, social persuasion, and emotional-physiological states. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression.
Results: The results showed that 67.0% of respondents had low self-efficacy in diagnosing and managing mental disorders. Factors significantly associated with self-efficacy among private practice general practitioners included direct experience (aOR=4.39; 95%CI: 1.59–12.10; p=0.004), social persuasion (aOR=3.58; 95%CI: 1.36–9.46; p=0.010), and emotional-physiological state (aOR=2.90; 95%CI: 1.14–7.42; p=0.025). Meanwhile, age, gender, years of practice, and vicarious experience were not significantly associated with self-efficacy.
Conclusion: Direct experience, social persuasion, and emotional-physiological states were found to be factors associated with the self-efficacy of private practice general practitioners in diagnosing and managing mental disorders. It is recommended that the government develop
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