Development and usability assessment of an integrated digital surveillance system for dengue control in Bali, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2025.v13.i2.p05Keywords:
Dengue, Public Health Surveillance, Mobile Health, SILIRA, Vector ControlAbstract
Background and purpose: Dengue infection remains a major public health issue in Bali, Indonesia, where high mobility and tourism increase the risk of transmission. Existing manual surveillance systems are often slow, fragmented, and resource-intensive. A digital, integrated approach is needed to improve early detection, reporting, and community participation in dengue control. This study aimed to design, develop, and assess the usability of an integrated digital surveillance system for dengue control in Bali, Indonesia.
Methods: The application, named SILIRA, was developed using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) approach and validated by experts in health information systems, vector control, and health promotion media. Usability was assessed through the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ), administered to 120 respondents (100 community users and 20 health workers). The evaluation focused on system usefulness, information quality, interface quality, and overall satisfaction
Results: SILIRA integrates hospital-based and community-based reporting, epidemiological investigation, entomological surveillance, and digital education. Usability testing showed favourable mean scores among community vs. health workers were 3.83 vs. 4.14 (system usefulness), 3.74 vs. 4.01 (information quality), and 4.18 vs. 4.25 (interface quality), with overall satisfaction of 4.08 vs. 4.30. System usage data showed that the education menu was the most frequently accessed feature (88%), followed by the dengue control (82%) and dengue information (75%) menus. A preliminary feasibility assessment suggested that SILIRA was compatible with existing reporting procedures and could be implemented within the existing health system.
Conclusion: The SILIRA prototype demonstrates strong usability and feasibility as an integrated digital surveillance system for dengue control. By combining rapid case reporting, larva density monitoring, and digital education. SILIRA has the potential to support dengue surveillance and control by facilitating integrated reporting, spatial monitoring, and community engagement.
References
Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, et al. The global distribution and burden of dengue. Nature 2013; 496: 504–507.
Megawati D, Masyeni S, Yohan B, et al. Dengue in Bali : Clinical characteristics and genetic diversity of circulating dengue viruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11: 1–15.
Masyeni S, Yohan B, Somia IKA, et al. Dengue infection in international travellers visiting Bali, Indonesia. J Travel Med 2018; 25: 1–7.
Puslitdatin Kemenkes. Dengue report in Indonesia. Jakarta, 2021.
Matthews J, Kulkarni R, Gerla M, et al. Rapid dengue and outbreak detection with mobile systems and social networks. Mob Networks Appl 2012; 17: 178–191.
Marquez Herbuela VRD, Karita T, Francisco ME, et al. An integrated mhealth app for dengue reporting and mapping, health communication, and behavior modification: Development and assessment of mozzify. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22: 1–11.
Panchapakesan C, Sheldenkar A, Wimalaratne P, et al. Developing a digital solution for dengue through epihack: qualitative evaluation study of a five-day health hackathon in Sri Lanka. JMIR Form Res; 3. Epub ahead of print 2019. DOI: 10.2196/11555.
Babu AN, Niehaus E, Shah S, et al. Smartphone geospatial apps for dengue control, prevention, prediction, and education: MOSapp, DISapp, and the mosquito perception index (MPI). Environ Monit Assess; 191. Epub ahead of print 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7425-0.
Huang L, Xiao G, Chen H, et al. Geographical clusters of dengue outbreak in Singapore during the Covid-19 nationwide lockdown of 2020. Sci Data 2022; 9: 1–7.
Wee LE, Cherng BPZ, Conceicao EP, et al. Experience of a tertiary hospital in Singapore with management of a dual outbreak of COVID-19 and dengue. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103: 2005–2011.
Santos-Silva R, Florentino PTV, Cerqueira-Silva T, et al. Primary health care data-based early warning system for dengue outbreaks: a nationwide case study in Brazil. Lancet Reg Heal - Am 2025; 48: 101165.
Sriklin T, Kajornkasirat S, Puttinaovarat S. Dengue transmission mapping with weather-based predictive model in three southernmost provinces of thailand. Sustain; 13. Epub ahead of print 2021. DOI: 10.3390/su13126754.
Sahavechaphan N, Chatrattikorn A, Rattananen M, et al. Identifying villages and breeding habitats for dengue transmission in Thailand: insights from long-term larval surveys. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24: 1–15.
Sophia Y, Roxy MK, Murtugudde R, et al. Dengue dynamics, predictions, and future increase under changing monsoon climate in India. Sci Rep 2025; 15: 1–16.
Gupta H, Barde P V., Singh MP, et al. Correction to: A comprehensive overview of the burden, prevention, and therapeutic aspects of arboviral diseases in India (Communications Medicine, (2025), 5, 1, (254), 10.1038/s43856-025-00968-7). Commun Med 2025; 5: 1–12.
Gunasekeran DV, Chew A, Chandrasekar EK, et al. The Impact and Applications of Social Media Platforms for Public Health Responses Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Literature Review. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24: 1–11.
Glasdam S, Sandberg H, Stjernswärd S, et al. Nurses’ use of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic-A scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17: 1–18.
Yuniarto D, Khozinaturrohmah HN, Abd. Rahman AB. Effectiveness of Covid-19 Information through Social Media based on Public Intention. Appl Inf Syst Manag 2021; 4: 37–44.
Simkhada P, Mahato P, Tamang P, et al. The Role of Health Promotion during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Heal Promot 2020; 8: 1–4.
Levin-Zamir D, Sorensen K, Su TT, et al. Health promotion preparedness for health crises – a ‘must’ or ‘nice to have’? Case studies and global lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Glob Health Promot 2021; 28: 27–37.
Adam M, McMahon SA, Prober C, et al. Human-centered design of video-based health education: An iterative, collaborative, community-based approach. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21: 1–18.
Arneliwati, Agrina, Dewi AP. The effectiveness of health education using audiovisual media on increasing family behavior in preventing dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Enferm Clin 2019; 29: 30–33.
Baitipur LN, Widraswara R. Pendidikan Kesehatan Melalui Video Untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Dan Praktik PSN DBD. JHE (Journal Heal Educ 2018; 3: 86–90.
Dagenais C, Hébert C, Ridde V. Video as an effective knowledge transfer tool to increase awareness among health workers and better manage dengue fever cases. J Glob Heal Reports 2021; 5: 1–6.
Dasgupta A, Biswas R, Parthasarathi R, et al. Evaluation of an audiovisual based health education programme on dengue fever among mid-adolescent school boys during an outbreak in Kolkata. Int J Med Sci Clin Invent 2014; 1: 163–179.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Sang Gede Purnama, Dewi Susanna, Tris Eryando, Umar Fahmi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
**Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)**
*Welcome to the world of open collaboration and shared creativity! The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) empowers creators to share their work with the world while maintaining certain rights.*
**Key Points:**
1. **Freedom to Share:** CC BY 4.0 allows creators to share their work globally, granting others the freedom to use, remix, and build upon it.
2. **Attribution Requirement:** Users can use the work for any purpose, even commercially, as long as they provide appropriate credit to the original creator.
3. **Flexibility:** Applicable to various content types—text, images, music, videos—the license fosters a diverse range of creations.
**Common Use Cases:**
- **Education:** Widely used for educational materials, promoting open learning environments.
- **Research:** Applied to scholarly articles, accelerating the dissemination of knowledge.
**How to Use:**
1. **Share:** Share your work with the world, marking it with the CC BY 4.0 license.
2. **Attribution:** Users, when utilizing the work, must provide proper attribution to honor the original creator.
**Conclusion:**
CC BY 4.0 contributes to a more open and collaborative digital landscape. Join the movement of shared knowledge and creativity!
*For full license details, visit [Creative Commons](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).*
