Utilization of cervical cancer screening program and its predictors in the universal health coverage era in Badung District, Bali
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2021.v9.i1.p09Keywords:
screening, cervical cancer, universal health coverage, Health Belief ModelAbstract
Background and purpose: Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in women after breast cancer. Nationally, the coverage of cervical cancer screening among reproductive age women from 2014 to 2018 only reached 7.34%, while in Badung District was 10.3% in 2018. In the era of the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) schemes, cervical cancer screening has been covered. This study aims to explore factors associated with the utilization of cervical cancer screening programs in the UHC era in Badung District. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January-February 2020, involving 195 women aged 20-50 years who were selected through multistage random sampling from two villages in the Badung District. Characteristics of the women, perceptions of seriousness, vulnerability, barriers and benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action and knowledge on cervical cancer screening programs were assessed. Data was analyzed descriptively, and association was assessed with Chi square and multiple logistic regression. Results: The proportion of reproductive age women who utilized cervical cancer screening program in the last 5 years was 44.1%. The utilization of cervical cancer screening program was associated with age (AOR=0.03; 95%CI: 0.03-0.300), perceived vulnerability (AOR=28.77; 95%CI: 3.745-221.68), perceived barriers (AOR=55.70; 95%CI: 7.12-435.72), selfefficacy (AOR=34.44; 95%CI: 4.34-273.66), cues to action (AOR=19.56; 95%CI: 3.32-115.24). Conclusion: The perception of barriers was found to be significantly associated with the use of cervical cancer screening programs along with other variables related to the Health Belief Model (HBM). Structured campaigns and improvement of the quality of services should be carried out in order to increase access of women to cervical cancer screening.
References
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018; 68(6): 394–424.
Arbyn M, Weiderpass E, Bruni L, de Sanjose S, Saraiya M, Ferlay J, et al. Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: a worldwide analysis. Lancet Glob Heal. 2020; 8: e191–e203.
The Ministry of Health of The Republic of Indonesia. Data Cakupan Program Skrining Kanker Serviks [Data on the cervical cancer sreening program]. Jakarta; 2019.
World Health Organization. WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention, second edition. Geneva; 2021.
The Ministry of Health of The Republic of Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 29 Tahun 2017 tentang Penganggulangan Kanker Payudara dan Kanker Leher Rahim [Indonesia Ministry of Health Regulation No. 29 Year 2017 concerning The Breast Cancer and Cervical Cancer Control]. Jakarta; 2017.
The Ministry of Health of The Republic of Indonesia. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2018 [The 2018 Indonesia Health Profile]. Jakarta, 2019.
The Ministry of Health of The Republic of Indonesia. Situasi Penyakit Kanker [Current Cancer Situation]. Jakarta; 2013.
Badung District Health Office. Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Badung 2018 [The 2018 Badung District Health Profile]. Badung; 2019.
Titisari IA, Riyanti E, Prabamurti PN. Aplikasi Teori Health Belief Model pada Partisipasi Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) dalam Pemeriksaan IVA di Kelurahan Kalibanteng Kulon [The application of Health Belief Model in the reproductive age women's participation in visual inspection with acetic acid test in Kalibanteng Kulon Village]. J Kesehat Masy 2018;6:751–759.
Bayu H, Berhe Y, Mulat A, Alemu A. Cervical cancer screening service uptake and associated factors among age eligible women in mekelle zone, northern ethiopia, 2015: A community based study using health belief model. PLoS One. 2016;11(3): e0149908.
Soraya DA. Hubungan Persepsi dengan Pelaksanaan Skrining Kanker Serviks Metode IVA pada Wanita Usia Subur menggunakan Pendekatan Teori Health Belief Model di Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya Tahun 2017 (Skripsi) [The association between perception and cervical cancer screening with visual inspection with acetic acid test among reproductive age women using the Health Belief Model approach at Lubuk Buaya Public Health Center Year 2017] [Undergraduate Thesis]. Andalas University. Padang; 2017.
Aldohaian AI, Alshammari SA, Arafah DM. Using the Health Belief Model to assess beliefs and behaviors regarding cervical cancer screening among Saudi women: a cross-sectional observational study. BMC Womens Health. 2019;19(6).
Hayden J. Introduction to Health Behavior Theory. 2nd ed. United States of America: Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC; 2013.
Wigati PW, Budihastui UR, Murti B. Analisis Jalur dengan Health Belief Model tentang Penggunaan Skrining Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat untuk Deteksi Dini Kanker Serviks Pada Wanita Usia Subur di Kota Kediri (Tesis) [Path analysis with Health Belief Model on the use of visual inspection with acetic acid screening test for cervical cancer early detection among reproductive age women in Kediri City (Thesis)]. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta; 2016.
Desi A. Health Belief Model (HBM) perilaku deteksi dini kanker leher rahim metode IVA pada wanita usia subur di Puskesmas Padang Pasir tahun 2016 [The Health Belief Model of cervical cancer early detection with visual inspection with acetic acid among reproductive age women at Padang Pasir Public Health Center Year 2016]. Andalas University. Padang; 2016.
Martini, Wulandari LPL, Karmaya INM. Hubungan Karakteristik, Pengetahuan, dan Sikap Wanita Pasangan Usia Subur dengan Tindakan Pap Smear di Puskesmas Sukawati II, Kabupaten Gianyar [Relationship between Demographic Characteristics, Knowledge and Attitude of Fertile Aged Women in Seeking Pap Smear Services at Sukawati II Public Health Centre, Gianyar District]. Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive. 2014;2(1):59-62.
Morema EN, Atieli HE, Onyango RO, Omondi JH, Ouma C. Determinants of cervical screening services uptake among 18–49 year old women seeking services at the Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya. BMC Health Services Research. 2014;14:335.
Zuliyanti E. Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemeriksaan Pap Smear pada Tenaga Kesehatan berdasarkan Health Belief Model (HBM) di Surabaya (Skripsi) [Analysis of factors associated with pap smear test among health professionals based on Health Belief Model in Surabaya (Undergraduate thesis)]. Airlangga University. Surabaya; 2018.
Onoruoiza SI, Musa A, Umar BD, Kunle YS. Using Health Belief Model as an intervention to non compliance with hypertension information among hypertensive patient. Int Organ Sci Res J Hum Soc Sci. 2015;20(9):11–16.
Herliansyah Y. Pengaruh Pengetahuan, Pengalaman Spesifik, dan Self Efficacy terhadap Kinerja Auditor dengan Kompleksitas Tugas Sebagai Variabel Moderasi [The influence of knowledge, specific experiences and self-efficacy towards auditor performance with tasks complexity as moderation variable]. Profita. 2017;10(1): 126-155.
Apriani DGY, Suariyani NLP, Karmaya INM. Cervical cancer screening among reproductive-aged women: a cross sectional survey in Tabanan District. Public Heal Prev Med Arch. 2017;5(1): 18–23.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Putu Ayu Wati, Pande Putu Januraga, Wayan Citra Wulan Sucipta Putri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
**Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)**
*Welcome to the world of open collaboration and shared creativity! The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) empowers creators to share their work with the world while maintaining certain rights.*
**Key Points:**
1. **Freedom to Share:** CC BY 4.0 allows creators to share their work globally, granting others the freedom to use, remix, and build upon it.
2. **Attribution Requirement:** Users can use the work for any purpose, even commercially, as long as they provide appropriate credit to the original creator.
3. **Flexibility:** Applicable to various content types—text, images, music, videos—the license fosters a diverse range of creations.
**Common Use Cases:**
- **Education:** Widely used for educational materials, promoting open learning environments.
- **Research:** Applied to scholarly articles, accelerating the dissemination of knowledge.
**How to Use:**
1. **Share:** Share your work with the world, marking it with the CC BY 4.0 license.
2. **Attribution:** Users, when utilizing the work, must provide proper attribution to honor the original creator.
**Conclusion:**
CC BY 4.0 contributes to a more open and collaborative digital landscape. Join the movement of shared knowledge and creativity!
*For full license details, visit [Creative Commons](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).*
