The Evaluation of human papillomavirus vaccination coverage for school aged girls in Badung District, Bali, Indonesia, 2016 – 2018
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2024.v12.i1.p02Keywords:
Human Papillomavirus, Vaccination Coverage, Children SchoolAbstract
Background and purpose: Since 2016, Badung District, Bali has implemented a free HPV vaccination program for school children, with vaccination coverage reported to be over 90% in 2016-2018. This study aims to objectively assess the coverage of HPV vaccination among school children in Badung District.
Methods: This survey used a cross-sectional design that conducted between March and June 2019. Sample selection was done by systematic random sampling, following the WHO guidelines. A total of 216 families met the sample criteria, with a total of 249 children from all families. Respondents in this study were eligible girls' mothers or families who knew the child's vaccination history. Variables of this study were sociodemographic characteristics of respondents and children, HPV vaccination recall and HPV child vaccination validation. The data collected were analyzed descriptively to calculate the coverage of recall and validation of HPV vaccination.
Results: The majority of respondents were mothers (70.83%) with a high school education (51.85%). The median age was 43 years (IQR=8 years). Each family had a mean of 1.15 eligible children (SD=0.39). Of the 249 children, most were aged 16-19 years (43.37%), with age at vaccination mostly ≤12 years (46.52%). HPV vaccination coverage by recall was 82.32% (95%CI: 77.56-87.09), with HPV vaccination coverage by validation was 76.59% (95%CI: 70.74-82.43).
Conclusion: After validation, vaccination coverage was lower than vaccination coverage by recall. The health office needs to improve the vaccination registration system, in particular the uniformity of registration and record keeping to ensure proper traceability of vaccination history.
References
World Health Organitation. Global Facts Sheet for Cervix Cancer 2020 [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/23-Cervix-uteri-fact-sheet.pdf
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49.
World Health Organization. Global Facts Sheets for Cervixs Cancer 2018. 2018; Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/0471463752.tnmc33
World Health Organization. Indonesia Facts Sheet for Cervix Cancer 2018. 2019;
Arbyn M, Weiderpass E, Bruni L, de Sanjosé S, Saraiya M, Ferlay J, et al. Estimates of Incidence and Mortality of Cervical Cancer in 2018: a Worldwide Analysis. Lancet Glob Heal. 2020;8(2):e191–203.
World Health Organization. Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Control. WHO Libr Cat Data [Internet]. 2014;364. Available from: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/cancers/cervical-cancer-guide/en/
Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 34 Tahun 2015 tentang Penanggulangan Kanker Payudara dan Kanker Leher Rahim. Nomor 34 Tahun 2015 2015.
Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.01.07/MENKES/6779/2021 tentang Program Introduksi Imunisasi HPV. 2021 p. 1–5.
World Health Organisation. HPV Vaccine Communication; Special Consideration for a Unique Vaccine: 2016 Update [Internet]. Who/IVB/13.12. Geneva; 2017. 88 p. Available from: http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/WHO_IVB_13.12/en/
Johnson Jones ML, Gargano JW, Powell M, Park IU, Niccolai LM, Bennett NM, et al. Effectiveness of 1, 2, and 3 Doses of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Against High-Grade Cervical Lesions Positive for Human Papillomavirus 16 or 18. Am J Epidemiol. 2020;189(4):265–76.
Drolet M, Bénard É, Pérez N, Brisson M, Ali H, Boily MC, et al. Population-Level Impact and Herd Effects Following the Introduction of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Programmes: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Lancet. 2019;394(10197):497–509.
Setiawan D, Andrijono, Hadinegoro SR, Meyta H, Sitohang RV, Tandy G, et al. Cervical Cancer Prevention in Indonesia: An Updated Clinical Impact, Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact Analysis. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020;15(3):1–12. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230359
Loke AY, Kwan ML, Wong YT, Wong AKY. The uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination and its associated factors among adolescents: A systematic review. J Prim Care Community Heal. 2017;8(4):349–62.
Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Fan Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, et al. Awareness and knowledge about human papillomavirus vaccination and its acceptance in China: A meta-analysis of 58 observational studies. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2016;16(1):1–15. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2873-8
World Health Organitation. Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization, April 2014 -- Conclusions and Recommendations. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2014;89(21):221–36.
Hanson CM, Eckert L, Bloem P, Cernuschi T. GAVI HPV Programs: Application to Implementation. Vaccines. 2015;3(2):408–19.
Sankaranarayanan R, Prabhu PR, Pawlita M, Gheit T, Bhatla N, Muwonge R, et al. Immunogenicity and HPV Infection after 0ne, Two, and Three Doses of Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine in Girls in India: A Multicentre Prospective Cohort Study. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(1):67–77.
Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Badung. Data Program Vaksinasi HPV di Kabupaten Badung, 2016-2018. Mangusada; 2018.
Bosch-Capblanch X, Ronveaux O, Doyle V, Remedios V, Bchir A. Accuracy and Quality of Immunization Information Systems in Forty‐one Low Income Countries. Trop Med Int Heal. 2009;14(1):2–10.
World Health Organization. World Health Organization Vaccination Coverage Cluster Surveys: Reference Manual [Internet]. Geneva; 2018. Available from: http://apps.who.int/bookorders.
Garon J, Wuddhika V, Sreenivasan N, Wannemuehler K, Chhorvann C, Loharikar A, et al. Community-based Household Assessment of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Coverage and Acceptability – HPV Vaccine Demonstration Project, Cambodia – 2017. Vaccine. 2019;37(9):1202–8.
Universitas Gadjah Mada. Post - Introduction Evaluation Of HPV Vaccine Programme in Indonesia. 2018.
Cutts FT, Izurieta HS, Rhoda DA. Measuring Coverage in MNCH: Design, Implementation, and Interpretation Challenges Associated with Tracking Vaccination Coverage Using Household Surveys. PLoS Med. 2013;10(5).
Modi RN, King C, Bar-Zeev N, Colbourn T. Caregiver Recall in Childhood Vaccination Surveys: Systematic Review of Recall Quality and Use in Low- and Middle-Income Settings. Vaccine [Internet]. 2018;36(29):4161–70. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.089
Oh DH, Dabbagh A, Goodson JL, Strebel PM, Thapa S, Giri JN. Real-Time Monitoring of Vaccination Campaign Performance Using Mobile Phones – Nepal, 2016. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(39):1072–6.
Dubé E, Gagnon D, Clément P, Bettinger JA, Comeau JL, Deeks S, et al. Challenges and Opportunities of School-based HPV Vaccination in Canada. Hum Vaccines Immunother [Internet]. 2019;15(7–8):1650–5. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1564440
Gallagher KE, Howard N, Kabakama S, Mounier-jack S, Burchett HED, Lamontagne DS, et al. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Coverage Achievements in Low and Middle-Income Countries 2007 – 2016. Papillomavirus Res [Internet]. 2017;4(May):72–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pvr.2017.09.001
Smulian EA, Mitchell KR, Stokley S, Smulian EA, Mitchell KR, Stokley S. Interventions to Increase HPV Vaccination Coverage : A Systematic Review. Hum Vaccin Immunother [Internet]. 2016;12(6):1566–88. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1125055
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Putu Cintya Denny Yuliyatni, Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri, I Gusti Agung Alit Naya, Mego Windyningtyas, Ni Kade Erveni, I Nyoman Sutarsa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
**Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)**
*Welcome to the world of open collaboration and shared creativity! The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) empowers creators to share their work with the world while maintaining certain rights.*
**Key Points:**
1. **Freedom to Share:** CC BY 4.0 allows creators to share their work globally, granting others the freedom to use, remix, and build upon it.
2. **Attribution Requirement:** Users can use the work for any purpose, even commercially, as long as they provide appropriate credit to the original creator.
3. **Flexibility:** Applicable to various content types—text, images, music, videos—the license fosters a diverse range of creations.
**Common Use Cases:**
- **Education:** Widely used for educational materials, promoting open learning environments.
- **Research:** Applied to scholarly articles, accelerating the dissemination of knowledge.
**How to Use:**
1. **Share:** Share your work with the world, marking it with the CC BY 4.0 license.
2. **Attribution:** Users, when utilizing the work, must provide proper attribution to honor the original creator.
**Conclusion:**
CC BY 4.0 contributes to a more open and collaborative digital landscape. Join the movement of shared knowledge and creativity!
*For full license details, visit [Creative Commons](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).*
