Environmental risk factors for diarrhea Children under five years of age: A Cross-Sectional study in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2023.v11.i1.p01Keywords:
Children under five years, Diarrhea, IDHS, Rural areaAbstract
Background and purpose: Diarrhea is an environmental-based disease that causes mortality and morbidity in children under five around the world. This study investigated the association between environmental factors with diarrhea in children under five in Indonesia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with data derived from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic Health Survey (IDHS). Families with children under five who had complete data were included in this study. The diarrhea variable in children was self-reported by their mothers. The relationship of each predictor with diarrhea was analyzed using a logistic regression modeling and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: A total of 17,155 households with children under five were included. The prevalence of reported diarrhea among children under five was 14.22%. Families living in rural areas (OR: 0.87; 95%CI: 0.78-0.97) and mothers of 25-34 years of age (OR: 1.42; 95%CI: 1.24-1.64) and >35 years of age (OR: 1.56; 95%CI: 1.29-1.89) had significant associations with diarrhea.
Conclusion: The discerned outcomes underscore the amplified likelihood of diarrhea incidents among children under five originating from rural residential settings in contrast to their urban counterparts. Additionally, the investigation underscored a correlative link between maternal age and occurrences of diarrhea in the children of this specific age group mothers.
References
Guarino A, Vecchio A Lo, Dias JA, Berkley JA, Boey C. Europe PMC Funders Group Universal Recommendations for the Management of Acute Diarrhea in Nonmalnourished Children. 2021;67(5):586–93.
World Health Organization (WHO). Diarrhoeao [Internet]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/diarrhoea#tab=tab_1
Völkl TMK, Rohrer T, Dörr HG. Oncology and Chronic Disease. 2014;10(4):115–30.
Bill F, Foundation MG. Estimates of the global , regional , and national morbidity , mortality , and aetiologies of diarrhoea in 195 countries : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. 2018;1211–28.
World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data under-five mortality.
Prüss-Ustün A, Bartram J, Clasen T, Colford JM, Cumming O, Curtis V, et al. Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene in low- and middle-income settings: A retrospective analysis of data from 145 countries. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2014;19(8):894–905.
Azry F, Aziz A, Ahmad NA, Aznuddin M, Razak A, Omar M, et al. Prevalence of and factors associated with diarrhoeal diseases among children under five in Malaysia : a cross-sectional study 2016. 2018;1–8.
Strand TA, Sharma PR, Gjessing HK, Ulak M, Chandyo RK, Adhikari RK, et al. Risk factors for extended duration of acute diarrhea in young children. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(5):3–8.
Paul P. Socio-demographic and environmental factors associated with diarrhoeal disease among children under five in India. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1–11.
Srivastava S, Banerjee S, Debbarma S, Kumar P, Sinha D. Rural-urban differentials in the prevalence of diarrhoea among older adults in India: Evidence from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017-18. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(3 March):1–17.
Nhampossa T, Mandomando I, Acacio S, Quintó L, Kotloff K, Farag T, et al. Diarrheal Disease in Rural Mozambique : Burden , Risk Factors and Etiology of Diarrheal Disease among Children Aged 0 – 59 Months Seeking Care at Health Facilities. 2015;12–23.
Stanly AM, Palani G. A Population based study of acutediarrhoea among children under 5 years in a rural community in south india. 2009;1(1):1–7.
Edwin P, Azage M. Geographical Variations and Factors Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Tanzania: A National Population Based Survey 2015-16. Ethiopian journal of health sciences. 2019;29(4):513–24.
Thiam S, Diène AN, Sy I, Winkler MS, Schindler C, Ndione JA, et al. Association between childhood diarrhoeal incidence and climatic factors in urban and rural settings in the health district of Mbour, Senegal. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017;14(9):1–16.
Ottay RI, Sumampouw OJ, Nelwan JE. Coastal Area Public Health Problem ( A Case Study in the City of Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia ). 2015;5(2):29–37.
Woldu W, Bitew BD, Gizaw Z. Socioeconomic factors associated with diarrheal diseases among under-five children of the nomadic population in northeast Ethiopia. Tropical Medicine and Health. 2016;7–14.
Mihrete TS, Alemie GA, Teferra AS. Determinants of childhood diarrhea among underfive children in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State , North West Ethiopia. 2014;
Picot J, Hartwell D, Harris P, Mendes D, Clegg AJ, Takeda A. The effectiveness of interventions to treat severe acute malnutrition in young children : a systematic review. 2012;16(19).
Gebru T, Taha M, Kassahun W. Risk factors of diarrhoeal disease in under-five children among health extension model and non-model families in Sheko district rural community , Southwest Ethiopia : comparative cross-sectional study. 2014;14(1):1–6.
Wardani Y, Huang YL, Chuang YC. Factors Associated with Infant Deaths in Indonesia: An Analysis of the 2012 and 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys. J Trop Pediatr. 2022;68(5):1–14.
Boon R, Lim T, Wee WK, For WC, Ananthanarayanan JA. Correlates , facilitators and barriers of physical activity among primary care patients with prediabetes in Singapore – a mixed methods approach. 2020;1–13.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 ichtiarini nurullita Santri, Yuniar Wardani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
**Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)**
*Welcome to the world of open collaboration and shared creativity! The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) empowers creators to share their work with the world while maintaining certain rights.*
**Key Points:**
1. **Freedom to Share:** CC BY 4.0 allows creators to share their work globally, granting others the freedom to use, remix, and build upon it.
2. **Attribution Requirement:** Users can use the work for any purpose, even commercially, as long as they provide appropriate credit to the original creator.
3. **Flexibility:** Applicable to various content types—text, images, music, videos—the license fosters a diverse range of creations.
**Common Use Cases:**
- **Education:** Widely used for educational materials, promoting open learning environments.
- **Research:** Applied to scholarly articles, accelerating the dissemination of knowledge.
**How to Use:**
1. **Share:** Share your work with the world, marking it with the CC BY 4.0 license.
2. **Attribution:** Users, when utilizing the work, must provide proper attribution to honor the original creator.
**Conclusion:**
CC BY 4.0 contributes to a more open and collaborative digital landscape. Join the movement of shared knowledge and creativity!
*For full license details, visit [Creative Commons](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).*
