Determinants of anemia in women of reproductive age in Indonesia: Secondary data analysis of the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2020.v8.i2.p02Keywords:
anemia, women of reproductive age, underweight, Indonesia, RiskesdasAbstract
Background and purpose: Anemia in women is a public health concern that is prevalent in developing countries. Women of reproductive age (WRA) frequently suffer from anemia, which can contribute to morbidity and mortality of mothers and their infants. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Indonesia.
Methods: This study uses secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research or Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) which was conducted in 34 provinces in Indonesia. The number of samples analyzed was 3,677 women aged 15-49 years who had data from interviews, measurements of height, weight, results of malaria\ tests, and hemoglobin levels. Data analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression to determine the relationship between anemia and individual characteristics, nutritional and health status as well as environmental conditions and healthservice accessibility.
Results: The prevalence of anemia among WRA in Indonesia was 25.3% (95%CI: 23.9-26.7). Factors which found to be associated with the prevalence of anemia in WRA were age <20 years (AOR=3.44; 95%CI: 2.22-5.35; p<0.001), underweight (AOR=1.48;95%CI: 1.08-2.05; p=0.017), obesity (AOR=0.68; 95%CI: 0.56-0.81; p<0.001) and the use of hormonal contraception (AOR=0.53;95%CI: 0.44-0.64; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the prevalence, anemia among WRA inIndonesia is categorized as a moderate public health concern and the most common risk factor for anemia was WRA aged <20 years and underweight. To reduce the incidence of anemia in WRA, interventions should be targeted at WRA aged <20 years and underweight
References
World Health Organization. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005: WHO Global Database on Anemia [Internet]. Word Health Organization; 2008. Available from: https://www.who.int/vmnis/publication/anemia_prevalence/en/
World Health Organization. The global prevalence of anaemia in 2011 [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2015. Available from: https://apps.who.int?iris/hendle/10665/177094.
World Health Organization. WHO Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Anaemia policy brief [Internet]. 2014 p. 1–7. Available from: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/globaltargets2025_policybrief_anaemia/en.
World Bank. Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (% of women ages 15-49) [Internet]. Vol. 19, The World Bank. 2016. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.ANM.ALLW.ZSlocations=MN
Balarajan Y, Ramakrishnan U, Özaltin E, Shankar AH, Subramanian S V. Anaemia in low-income and middleincome countries. Lancet. 2011;378(9809):2123–2135.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Hasil Utama Riskesdas 2018 [Main results of the 2018 Riskesdas]. Jakarta; 2018.
Gautam S, Min H, Kim H, Jeong HS. Determining factors for the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age in Nepal: Evidence from recent national survey data. PLoS One. 2019;14(6):1–17.
Guspaneza E, Martha E. Analisis faktor penyebab kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Indonesia (Analisis data SDKI 2017) [Analysis of factors influencing anemia among pregnant mothers in Indonesia (Analysis of the 2017 SDKI data]. J Kesehat Masy Aceh. 2019;5(2):399–406.
Dey S, Goswami S, Goswami M. Prevalence of anaemia in women of reproductive age in Meghalaya: A logistic regression analysis. Turkish J Med Sci. 2010;40(5):783–789.10. Haralkar SJ, Khandekar SV, Pore PD, Haralkar AS, Tapare VS, Rayate MV. Socio-demographic correlates of anaemia among married women in rural area of Maharashtra. Indian J Public Heal Res Dev. 2013;4(3):107–110.
Qin Y, Melse-Boonstra A, Pan X, Yuan B, Dai Y, Zhao J, et al. Anemia in relation to body mass index and waist circumference among Chinese women. Nutr J. 2013;12(1):10–12.
Chang JS, Chen YC, Owaga E, Palupi KC, Pan WH, Bai CH. Interactive effects of dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio and body mass index on iron deficiency anemia among Taiwanese women. Nutrients. 2014;6(9):3929–3941.
Pratiwi D, Syahredi S, Erkadius E. Hubungan antara penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal suntik DMPA dengan peningkatan berat badan di Puskesmas Lapai Kota Padang [The association between the use of injected hormonal contraception DMPA and body weight increase in Lapai Public Health Center, Padang City]. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 2014;3(3):365–369.
Hartanto H. Keluarga berencana dan kontrasepsi [Family planning and contraception]. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan; 2004.
Hakizimana D, Nisingizwe MP, Logan J, Wong R. Identifying risk factors of anemia among women of reproductive age in Rwanda-A cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014/2015. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1–11.
Wilunda C, Massawe S, Jackson C. Determinants of moderate-to-severe anaemia among women of reproductive age in Tanzania: Analysis of data from the 2010 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey. Trop Med Int Heal. 2013;18(12):1488–1497.
Lover AA, Hartman M, Chia KS, Heymann DL. Demographic and spatial predictors of anemia in women of reproductive age in Timor-Leste: Implications for health program prioritization. PLoS One. 2014;9(3).
Chaparro CM, Suchdev PS. Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low- and middle-income countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019;1450:15–31.
Kamruzzaman M, Rabbani MG, Saw A, Sayem MA, Hossain MG. Differentials in the prevalence of anemia among non-pregnant, ever-married women in Bangladesh: Multilevel logistic regression analysis of data from the 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Womens Health. 2015;15(1):4–11.
Hakizimana D, Nisingizwe MP, Logan J, Wong R. Risk factors of anemia among women of reproductive age in Rwanda: Implications for designing better interventions. BMC Public Health (Pre-print). 2019.
Win HH, Ko MK. Geographical disparities and determinants of anaemia among women of reproductive age in Myanmar: Analysis of the 2015-2016 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey. WHO South-East Asia J Public Heal. 2018;7(2):107–113.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Putu Sri Utami, Luh Seri Ani, Dinar Saurmauli Lubis, Dewa Nyoman Wirawan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
**Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)**
*Welcome to the world of open collaboration and shared creativity! The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) empowers creators to share their work with the world while maintaining certain rights.*
**Key Points:**
1. **Freedom to Share:** CC BY 4.0 allows creators to share their work globally, granting others the freedom to use, remix, and build upon it.
2. **Attribution Requirement:** Users can use the work for any purpose, even commercially, as long as they provide appropriate credit to the original creator.
3. **Flexibility:** Applicable to various content types—text, images, music, videos—the license fosters a diverse range of creations.
**Common Use Cases:**
- **Education:** Widely used for educational materials, promoting open learning environments.
- **Research:** Applied to scholarly articles, accelerating the dissemination of knowledge.
**How to Use:**
1. **Share:** Share your work with the world, marking it with the CC BY 4.0 license.
2. **Attribution:** Users, when utilizing the work, must provide proper attribution to honor the original creator.
**Conclusion:**
CC BY 4.0 contributes to a more open and collaborative digital landscape. Join the movement of shared knowledge and creativity!
*For full license details, visit [Creative Commons](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).*