Correlation between physical characteristics of the indoor environment toward the concentration of fungi in the inpatient rooms of dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital Jember, East Java
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2020.v8.i1.p13Keywords:
Fungi, nosocomial infections, physical characteristics, indoor environmentAbstract
Background and purpose: Air quality is an important determinant of a healthy life. One indicator of air pollutants in the room is fungi, which in hospital setting may cause nosocomial infection. This research aims to find out a correlation between physical characteristics of the indoor environment toward the concentration of fungi in the inpatient rooms of dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital Jember, East Java.
Methods: This research uses a cross-sectional method with a total of four inpatient rooms. We measured physical room characteristics
including room temperature, humidity, light intensity, and room density. The concentration of fungi was measured by collecting air sample using passive air sampling method with a potato dextrose agar as the media to optimize the fungal growth. The data was processed with Saphiro-Wilk and Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS 25.0.
Results: The ranges of room temperature and humidity were 29.6- 32.2°C and 41-59%, respectively; while the light intensity and room
density were 10-30 and 1.88-2.38 person/10 m2. The bivariate analysis showed a correlation between two components of physical characteristic of the indoor environment, room temperature and room density, with the concentration of fungi.
Conclusion: There is a correlation between room temperature and room density with the concentration of fungi in the inpatient rooms of dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital Jember. The management of hospitals should take measures to improve the air quality within inpatient rooms.
References
World Health Organization. Household air pollution and health [Internet]. 2019 [cited 7 December 2019]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health
Schulze F, Gao X, Virzonis D, Damiati S, Schneider M, Kodzius R. Air quality effects on human health and approaches for its assessment through microfluidic chips. Genes. 2017;8(10):244.
Azimi F, Naddafi K, Nabizadeh R, Hassanvand MS, Alimohammadi M, Afhami S, et al. Fungal air quality in hospital rooms: a case study in Tehran, Iran. J Environ Health Sci Engineer. 2013;11(1):30.
Ministry of Health of The Republic of Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 27 Tahun 2017 tentang Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan [Indonesia Ministry of Health Regulation No. 27 Year 2017 on the Guidelines of Infections Prevention and Control at Health Care Facilities]. Jakarta; 2017.
Jayanti L, Manyullei S, Bujawati E. Kesehatan lingkungan udara ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Syekh Yusuf Kabupaten Gowa [Air environmental health of inpatient rooms at Syekh Yusuf Hospital, Gowa District]. Higiene. 2016; 2(1):33-40.
Ministry of Health of The Republic of Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2019 tentang Kesehatan Lingkungan Rumah Sakit [Indonesia Ministry of Health Regulation No. 7 Year 2019 on Environmental Health at Hospitals]. Jakarta; 2019.
Budhyowati MYN, Kindangen JI, Tungka AE. Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi beban penyejukan pada bangunan yang menggunakan sistem pengkondisian udara [Analysis of factors which influence cooling load at buildings used air conditioning system]. Jurnal Arsitektur Daseng Unsrat Manado. 2016;5(1).
Ernawati D, Gunawan AT, Budiono Z. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kondisi suhu dan kelembapan ruang keluarga di Dusun Kotayasa Desa Kotayasa Kecamatan Sumbang Kabupaten Banyumas Tahun 2016 [Factors associated with family room temperature and humidity in Kotayasa Village, Sumbang Sub-District, Banyumas District Year 2016]. Buletin Kelingmas. 2017;36(4):437-445.
Sari FN. Hubungan antara suhu dan kelembapan udara terhadap kualitas mikrobiologi udara di ruang rawat inap RSD dr. Soebandi Jember (Skripsi) [Association between temperature and humidity towards the air microbiology quality at the inpatient room of dr. Soebandi Hospital Jember (Undergraduate thesis)]. Universitas Jember; 2018.
Ministry of Health of The Republic of Indonesia. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 1335 Tahun 2002 tentang Standar Operasional Pengambilan dan Pengukuran Sampel Kualitas Udara Ruangan di Rumah Sakit [Indonesia Ministry of Health Decree No. 1335 Year 2002 on The Operational Standards on Collecting and Measuring Samples of Indoor Air Quality at Hospitals]. Jakarta; 2002.
Setyawardani A. Hubungan antara kepadatan ruangan, kelembapan, dan jumlah jamur pada ruang rawat inap RSD dr. Soebandi Jember (Skripsi) [The association between room density, humidity and number of fungi in the inpatient rooms at dr. Soebandi Hospital Jember (Undergraduate thesis)]. Universitas Jember; 2019.
Jung C-C, Wu P-C, Tseng C-H, Su H-J. Indoor air quality varies with ventilation types and working areas in hospitals. Building and Environment. 2015;85:190–195.
Hamdi S. Mengenal lama penyinaran matahari sebagai salah satu parameter klimatologi [Identifying lighting period as one of the climatology parameters]. Berita Dirgantara. 2014;15(1):7-16.
Ramdan IM. Perubahan iklim, dampak terhadap kesehatan masyarakat dan metode pengukurannya [Climate change, the impact on community health and the measurements]. 2017:11.
Kazemian N, Pakpour S, Milani AS, Klironomos J. Environmental factors influencing fungal growth on gypsum boards and their biodegradation: a university campus case study. Plos One. 2017;14(8): e0220556.
Ministry of Health of The Republic of Indonesia. KepMenKes RI No.1204/Menkes/SK/X/2004 tentang Persyaratan Kesehatan Lingkungan Rumah Sakit [Indonesia Ministry of Health Decree No. 1204/Menkes/SK/X/2004 on The Pre-requisites for Hospital Environmental Health]. Jakarta; 2004.
Abdullah MT, Hakim BA. Lingkungan fisik dan angka kuman udara ruangan di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan [Physical environment and number of air microorganisms at rooms of The Haji General Hospital, Makssar, South Sulawesi]. Kesmas:Nat Pub Hea Jour. 2011;5(5):206.
Mehta Y, Baig FK, Mehboob R. Nosocomial infections: epidemiology, prevention, control and surveillance. Asian Pasific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2017;7(5):478-482.
Cabral JPS. Can we use indoor fungi as bioindicators of indoor air quality? Historical perspectives and open questions. Science of The Total Environment. 2010;408(20):4285–4295.
Gumral R, Aylin D, Mehmet MI. Comparison of the contamination rates of culture media used for isolation and identification of dermatophytes. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2015;45(3):587-592.
de Hoog GS, Chaturvedi V, Denning DW, Dyer PS, Frisvad JC, Geiser D, et al. Name changes in medically important fungi and their implications for clinical practice. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53(4):1056–1062.
Gautam AK, Sharma S, Avasthi S, Bhadauria R. Diversity, pathogenicity and toxicology of a niger: an important spoilage fungi. Research J of Microbiology. 2011;6(3):270–280.
Badiee P, Hashemizadeh Z. Opportunistic invasive fungal infetions: diagnosis & clinical management. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2014;139(2):195-204.
Morio F, Berre J-YL, Garcia-Hermoso D, Najafzadeh MJ, de Hoog S, Benard L, et al. Phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala xenobiotica as a cause of fungal arthritis in an HIV-infected patient. Med Mycol. 2012;50(5):513–517.
Nemeth NM, Campbell GD, Oesterle PT, Shirose L, McEwen B, Jardine CM. Red Fox as sentinel for Blastomyces dermatitidis, Ontario, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(7):1275–1277.
Werner A, Norton F. Blastomycosis. MediMedia Animal Health. 2011;5.
Moore. NM, Proia LA. Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in a liver transplant patient. Medical Mycology Case Reports. 2018;21:1–3.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Salsabilla Maula Zalfa El Hamzah, Astuti Setyawardani, I Nyoman Semita, Dini Agustina
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
**Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)**
*Welcome to the world of open collaboration and shared creativity! The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) empowers creators to share their work with the world while maintaining certain rights.*
**Key Points:**
1. **Freedom to Share:** CC BY 4.0 allows creators to share their work globally, granting others the freedom to use, remix, and build upon it.
2. **Attribution Requirement:** Users can use the work for any purpose, even commercially, as long as they provide appropriate credit to the original creator.
3. **Flexibility:** Applicable to various content types—text, images, music, videos—the license fosters a diverse range of creations.
**Common Use Cases:**
- **Education:** Widely used for educational materials, promoting open learning environments.
- **Research:** Applied to scholarly articles, accelerating the dissemination of knowledge.
**How to Use:**
1. **Share:** Share your work with the world, marking it with the CC BY 4.0 license.
2. **Attribution:** Users, when utilizing the work, must provide proper attribution to honor the original creator.
**Conclusion:**
CC BY 4.0 contributes to a more open and collaborative digital landscape. Join the movement of shared knowledge and creativity!
*For full license details, visit [Creative Commons](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).*